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See also Module faulthandlerUsed to dump Python tracebacks explicitly, on a fault, after a timeout, or on a user signal.
traceback — Print or retrieve a stack traceback — Python 3.13.18 documentation Navigation index modules | next | previous | Python » 3.13.18 Documentation » The Python standard library » Python Runtime Services » traceback — Print or retrieve a stack traceback | Theme Auto Light Dark | traceback — Print or retrieve a stack traceback¶ Source code: Lib/traceback.py This module provides a standard interface to extract, format and print stack traces of Python programs.
For a more complete implementation of the interpreter loop, refer to the code module. import sys, traceback def run_user_code(envdir): source = input(" ") try: exec(source, envdir) except Exception: print("Exception in user code:") print("-"*60) traceback.print_exc(file=sys.stdout) print("-"*60) envdir = {} while True: run_user_code(envdir) The following example demonstrates the different ways to print and format the exception and traceback: import sys, traceback def lumberjack(): bright_side_of_life() def bright_side_of_life(): return tuple()[0] try: lumberjack() except IndexError as exc: print("*** print_tb:") traceback.print_tb(exc.__traceback__, limit=1, file=sys.stdout) print("*** print_exception:") traceback.print_exception(exc, limit=2, file=sys.stdout) print("*** print_exc:") traceback.print_exc(limit=2, file=sys.stdout) print("*** format_exc, first and last line:") formatted_lines = traceback.format_exc().splitlines() print(formatted_lines[0]) print(formatted_lines[-1]) print("*** format_exception:") print(repr(traceback.format_exception(exc))) print("*** extract_tb:") print(repr(traceback.extract_tb(exc.__traceback__))) print("*** format_tb:") print(repr(traceback.format_tb(exc.__traceback__))) print("*** tb_lineno:", exc.__traceback__.tb_lineno) The output for the example would look similar to this: *** print_tb: File "", line 10, in lumberjack() ~~~~~~~~~~^^ *** print_exception: Traceback (most recent call last): File "", line 10, in lumberjack() ~~~~~~~~~~^^ File "", line 4, in lumberjack bright_side_of_life() ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^^ IndexError: tuple index out of range *** print_exc: Traceback (most recent call last): File "", line 10, in lumberjack() ~~~~~~~~~~^^ File "", line 4, in lumberjack bright_side_of_life() ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^^ IndexError: tuple index out of range *** format_exc, first and last line: Traceback (most recent call last): IndexError: tuple index out of range *** format_exception: ['Traceback (most recent call last):\n', ' File "", line 10, in \n lumberjack()\n ~~~~~~~~~~^^\n', ' File "", line 4, in lumberjack\n bright_side_of_life()\n ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^^\n', ' File "", line 7, in bright_side_of_life\n return tuple()[0]\n ~~~~~~~^^^\n', 'IndexError: tuple index out of range\n'] *** extract_tb: [, line 10 in , , line 4 in lumberjack, , line 7 in bright_side_of_life] *** format_tb: [' File "", line 10, in \n lumberjack()\n ~~~~~~~~~~^^\n', ' File "", line 4, in lumberjack\n bright_side_of_life()\n ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^^\n', ' File "", line 7, in bright_side_of_life\n return tuple()[0]\n ~~~~~~~^^^\n'] *** tb_lineno: 10 The following example shows the different ways to print and format the stack: import traceback def another_function(): ... lumberstack() ... def lumberstack(): ... traceback.print_stack() ... print(repr(traceback.extract_stack())) ... print(repr(traceback.format_stack())) ... another_function() File "", line 10, in another_function() File "", line 3, in another_function lumberstack() File "", line 6, in lumberstack traceback.print_stack() [('', 10, '', 'another_function()'), ('', 3, 'another_function', 'lumberstack()'), ('', 7, 'lumberstack', 'print(repr(traceback.extract_stack()))')] [' File "", line 10, in \n another_function()\n', ' File "", line 3, in another_function\n lumberstack()\n', ' File "", line 8, in lumberstack\n print(repr(traceback.format_stack()))\n'] This last example demonstrates the final few formatting functions: import traceback traceback.format_list([('spam.py', 3, '', 'spam.eggs()'), ... ('eggs.py', 42, 'eggs', 'return "bacon"')]) [' File "spam.py", line 3, in \n spam.eggs()\n', ' File "eggs.py", line 42, in eggs\n return "bacon"\n'] an_error = IndexError('tuple index out of range') traceback.format_exception_only(an_error) ['IndexError: tuple index out of range\n'] Examples of Using TracebackException¶ With the helper class, we have more options: import sys from traceback import TracebackException def lumberjack(): ... bright_side_of_life() ... def bright_side_of_life(): ... t = "bright", "side", "of", "life" ... return t[5] ... try: ... lumberjack() ... except IndexError as e: ... exc = e ... try: ... try: ... lumberjack() ... except: ... 1/0 ... except Exception as e: ... chained_exc = e ... # limit works as with the module-level functions TracebackException.from_exception(exc, limit=-2).print() Traceback (most recent call last): File "", line 6, in lumberjack bright_side_of_life() ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^^ File "", line 10, in bright_side_of_life return t[5] ~^^^ IndexError: tuple index out of range # capture_locals adds local variables in frames TracebackException.from_exception(exc, limit=-2, capture_locals=True).print() Traceback (most recent call last): File "", line 6, in lumberjack bright_side_of_life() ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^^ File "", line 10, in bright_side_of_life return t[5] ~^^^ t = ("bright", "side", "of", "life") IndexError: tuple index out of range # The *chain* kwarg to print() controls whether chained # exceptions are displayed TracebackException.from_exception(chained_exc).print() Traceback (most recent call last): File "", line 4, in lumberjack() ~~~~~~~~~~^^ File "", line 7, in lumberjack bright_side_of_life() ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^^ File "", line 11, in bright_side_of_life return t[5] ~^^^ IndexError: tuple index out of range During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred: Traceback (most recent call last): File "", line 6, in 1/0 ~^~ ZeroDivisionError: division by zero TracebackException.from_exception(chained_exc).print(chain=False) Traceback (most recent call last): File "", line 6, in 1/0 ~^~ ZeroDivisionError: division by zero Table of Contents traceback — Print or retrieve a stack traceback Module-Level Functions TracebackException Objects StackSummary Objects FrameSummary Objects Examples of Using the Module-Level Functions Examples of Using TracebackException Previous topic atexit — Exit handlers Next topic __future__ — Future statement definitions This page Report a bug Show source « Navigation index modules | next | previous | Python » 3.13.18 Documentation » The Python standard library » Python Runtime Services » traceback — Print or retrieve a stack traceback | Theme Auto Light Dark | © Copyright 2001-2026, Python Software Foundation.
Research query: Python traceback · jobs: 1 · on-topic sources: 1 · review: Thin
See also Module faulthandlerUsed to dump Python tracebacks explicitly, on a fault, after a timeout, or on a user signal. — traceback — Print or retrieve a stack traceback — Python 3.13.18 documentation (2001)
For a more complete implementation of the interpreter loop, refer to the code module. import sys, traceback def run_user_code(envdir): source = input(" ") try: exec(source, envdir) except Exception: print("Exception in user code:") print("-"60) traceback.print_exc(file=sys.stdout) print("-"60) envdir = {} while True: run_user_code(envdir) The following example demonstrates the different ways to print and format the exception and traceback: import sys, traceback def lumberjack(): bright_side_of_life() def bright_side_of_life(): return tuple()[0] try: lumberjack() except IndexError as exc: print("* print_tb:") traceback.print_tb(exc.traceback, limit=1, file=sys.stdout) print("*** print_exception:") traceback.print_exception(exc, limit=2, file=sys.stdout) print("*** print_exc:") traceback.print_exc(limit=2, file=sys.stdout) print("*** format_exc, first and last line:") formatted_lines = traceback.format_exc().splitlines() print(formatted_lines[0]) print(formatted_lines[-1]) print("*** format_exception:") print(repr(traceback.format_exception(exc))) print("*** extract_tb:") print(repr(traceback.extract_tb(exc.traceback))) print("*** format_tb:") print(repr(traceback.format_tb(exc.traceback))) print("*** tb_lineno:", exc.traceback.tb_lineno) The output for the example would look similar to this: *** print_tb: File "", line 10, in lumberjack() ~~~~~~~~~~^^ *** print_exception: Traceback (most recent call last): File "", line 10, in lumberjack() ~~~~~~~~~~^^ File "", line 4, in lumberjack bright_side_of_life() ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^^ IndexError: tuple index out of range *** print_exc: Traceback (most recent call last): File "", line 10, in lumberjack() ~~~~~~~~~~^^ File "", line 4, in lumberjack bright_side_of_life() ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^^ IndexError: tuple index out of range *** format_exc, first and last line: Traceback (most recent call last): IndexError: tuple index out of range *** format_exception: ['Traceback (most recent call last):\n', ' File "", line 10, in \n lumberjack()\n ~~~~~~~~~~^^\n', ' File "", line 4, in lumberjack\n bright_side_of_life()\n ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^^\n', ' File "", line 7, in bright_side_of_life\n return tuple()[0]\n ~~~~~~~^^^\n', 'IndexError: tuple index out of range\n'] *** extract_tb: [, line 10 in , , line 4 in lumberjack, , line 7 in bright_side_of_life] *** format_tb: [' File "", line 10, in \n lumberjack()\n ~~~~~~~~~~^^\n', ' File "", line 4, in lumberjack\n bright_side_of_life()\n ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^^\n', ' File "", line 7, in bright_side_of_life\n return tuple()[0]\n ~~~~~~~^^^\n'] *** tb_lineno: 10 The following example shows the different ways to print and format the stack: import traceback def another_function(): ... lumberstack() ... def lumberstack(): ... traceback.print_stack() ... print(repr(traceback.extract_stack())) ... print(repr(traceback.format_stack())) ... another_function() File "", line 10, in another_function() File "", line 3, in another_function lumberstack() File "", line 6, in lumberstack traceback.print_stack() [('', 10, '', 'another_function()'), ('', 3, 'another_function', 'lumberstack()'), ('', 7, 'lumberstack', 'print(repr(traceback.extract_stack()))')] [' File "", line 10, in \n another_function()\n', ' File "", line 3, in another_function\n lumberstack()\n', ' File "", line 8, in lumberstack\n print(repr(traceback.format_stack()))\n'] This last example demonstrates the final few formatting functions: import traceback traceback.format_list([('spam.py', 3, '', 'spam.eggs()'), ... ('eggs.py', 42, 'eggs', 'return "bacon"')]) [' File "spam.py", line 3, in \n spam.eggs()\n', ' File "eggs.py", line 42, in eggs\n return "bacon"\n'] an_error = IndexError('tuple index out of range') traceback.format_exception_only(an_error) ['IndexError: tuple index out of range\n'] Examples of Using TracebackException¶ With the helper class, we have more options: import sys from traceback import TracebackException def lumberjack(): ... bright_side_of_life() ... def bright_side_of_life(): ... t = "bright", "side", "of", "life" ... return t[5] ... try: ... lumberjack() ... except IndexError as e: ... exc = e ... try: ... try: ... lumberjack() ... except: ... 1/0 ... except Exception as e: ... chained_exc = e ... # limit works as with the module-level functions TracebackException.from_exception(exc, limit=-2).print() Traceback (most recent call last): File "", line 6, in lumberjack bright_side_of_life() ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^^ File "", line 10, in bright_side_of_life return t[5] ~^^^ IndexError: tuple index out of range # capture_locals adds local variables in frames TracebackException.from_exception(exc, limit=-2, capture_locals=True).print() Traceback (most recent call last): File "", line 6, in lumberjack bright_side_of_life() ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^^ File "", line 10, in bright_side_of_life return t[5] ~^^^ t = ("bright", "side", "of", "life") IndexError: tuple index out of range # The chain kwarg to print() controls whether chained # exceptions are displayed TracebackException.from_exception(chained_exc).print() Traceback (most recent call last): File "", line 4, in lumberjack() ~~~~~~~~~~^^ File "", line 7, in lumberjack bright_side_of_life() ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^^ File "", line 11, in bright_side_of_life return t[5] ~^^^ IndexError: tuple index out of range During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred: Traceback (most recent call last): File "", line 6, in 1/0 ~^~ ZeroDivisionError: division by zero TracebackException.from_exception(chained_exc).print(chain=False) Traceback (most recent call last): File "", line 6, in 1/0 ~^~ ZeroDivisionError: division by zero Table of Contents traceback — Print or retrieve a stack traceback Module-Level Functions TracebackException Objects StackSummary Objects FrameSummary Objects Examples of Using the Module-Level Functions Examples of Using TracebackException Previous topic atexit — Exit handlers Next topic future — Future statement definitions This page Report a bug Show source « Navigation index modules | next | previous | Python » 3.13.18 Documentation » The Python standard library » Python Runtime Services » traceback — Print or retrieve a stack traceback | Theme Auto Light Dark | © Copyright 2001-2026, Python Software Foundation. — traceback — Print or retrieve a stack traceback — Python 3.13.18 documentation (2001)
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traceback — Print or retrieve a stack traceback — Python 3.13.18 documentation (2001)
See also Module faulthandlerUsed to dump Python tracebacks explicitly, on a fault, after a timeout, or on a user signal. (new this job) — source
traceback — Print or retrieve a stack traceback — Python 3.13.18 documentation Navigation index modules | next | previous | Python » 3.13.18 Documentation » The Python standard library » Python Runtime Services » traceback — Print or retrieve a stack traceback | Theme Auto Light Dark | traceback — Print or retrieve a stack traceback¶ Source code: Lib/traceback.py This module provides a standard interface to extract, format and print stack traces of Python programs. (new this job) — source
For a more complete implementation of the interpreter loop, refer to the code module. import sys, traceback def run_user_code(envdir): source = input(" ") try: exec(source, envdir) except Exception: print("Exception in user code:") print("-"60) traceback.print_exc(file=sys.stdout) print("-"60) envdir = {} while True: run_user_code(envdir) The following example demonstrates the different ways to print and format the exception and traceback: import sys, traceback def lumberjack(): bright_side_of_life() def bright_side_of_life(): return tuple()[0] try: lumberjack() except IndexError as exc: print("* print_tb:") traceback.print_tb(exc.traceback, limit=1, file=sys.stdout) print("*** print_exception:") traceback.print_exception(exc, limit=2, file=sys.stdout) print("*** print_exc:") traceback.print_exc(limit=2, file=sys.stdout) print("*** format_exc, first and last line:") formatted_lines = traceback.format_exc().splitlines() print(formatted_lines[0]) print(formatted_lines[-1]) print("*** format_exception:") print(repr(traceback.format_exception(exc))) print("*** extract_tb:") print(repr(traceback.extract_tb(exc.traceback))) print("*** format_tb:") print(repr(traceback.format_tb(exc.traceback))) print("*** tb_lineno:", exc.traceback.tb_lineno) The output for the example would look similar to this: *** print_tb: File "", line 10, in lumberjack() ~~~~~~~~~~^^ *** print_exception: Traceback (most recent call last): File "", line 10, in lumberjack() ~~~~~~~~~~^^ File "", line 4, in lumberjack bright_side_of_life() ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^^ IndexError: tuple index out of range *** print_exc: Traceback (most recent call last): File "", line 10, in lumberjack() ~~~~~~~~~~^^ File "", line 4, in lumberjack bright_side_of_life() ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^^ IndexError: tuple index out of range *** format_exc, first and last line: Traceback (most recent call last): IndexError: tuple index out of range *** format_exception: ['Traceback (most recent call last):\n', ' File "", line 10, in \n lumberjack()\n ~~~~~~~~~~^^\n', ' File "", line 4, in lumberjack\n bright_side_of_life()\n ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^^\n', ' File "", line 7, in bright_side_of_life\n return tuple()[0]\n ~~~~~~~^^^\n', 'IndexError: tuple index out of range\n'] *** extract_tb: [, line 10 in , , line 4 in lumberjack, , line 7 in bright_side_of_life] *** format_tb: [' File "", line 10, in \n lumberjack()\n ~~~~~~~~~~^^\n', ' File "", line 4, in lumberjack\n bright_side_of_life()\n ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^^\n', ' File "", line 7, in bright_side_of_life\n return tuple()[0]\n ~~~~~~~^^^\n'] *** tb_lineno: 10 The following example shows the different ways to print and format the stack: import traceback def another_function(): ... lumberstack() ... def lumberstack(): ... traceback.print_stack() ... print(repr(traceback.extract_stack())) ... print(repr(traceback.format_stack())) ... another_function() File "", line 10, in another_function() File "", line 3, in another_function lumberstack() File "", line 6, in lumberstack traceback.print_stack() [('', 10, '', 'another_function()'), ('', 3, 'another_function', 'lumberstack()'), ('', 7, 'lumberstack', 'print(repr(traceback.extract_stack()))')] [' File "", line 10, in \n another_function()\n', ' File "", line 3, in another_function\n lumberstack()\n', ' File "", line 8, in lumberstack\n print(repr(traceback.format_stack()))\n'] This last example demonstrates the final few formatting functions: import traceback traceback.format_list([('spam.py', 3, '', 'spam.eggs()'), ... ('eggs.py', 42, 'eggs', 'return "bacon"')]) [' File "spam.py", line 3, in \n spam.eggs()\n', ' File "eggs.py", line 42, in eggs\n return "bacon"\n'] an_error = IndexError('tuple index out of range') traceback.format_exception_only(an_error) ['IndexError: tuple index out of range\n'] Examples of Using TracebackException¶ With the helper class, we have more options: import sys from traceback import TracebackException def lumberjack(): ... bright_side_of_life() ... def bright_side_of_life(): ... t = "bright", "side", "of", "life" ... return t[5] ... try: ... lumberjack() ... except IndexError as e: ... exc = e ... try: ... try: ... lumberjack() ... except: ... 1/0 ... except Exception as e: ... chained_exc = e ... # limit works as with the module-level functions TracebackException.from_exception(exc, limit=-2).print() Traceback (most recent call last): File "", line 6, in lumberjack bright_side_of_life() ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^^ File "", line 10, in bright_side_of_life return t[5] ~^^^ IndexError: tuple index out of range # capture_locals adds local variables in frames TracebackException.from_exception(exc, limit=-2, capture_locals=True).print() Traceback (most recent call last): File "", line 6, in lumberjack bright_side_of_life() ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^^ File "", line 10, in bright_side_of_life return t[5] ~^^^ t = ("bright", "side", "of", "life") IndexError: tuple index out of range # The chain kwarg to print() controls whether chained # exceptions are displayed TracebackException.from_exception(chained_exc).print() Traceback (most recent call last): File "", line 4, in lumberjack() ~~~~~~~~~~^^ File "", line 7, in lumberjack bright_side_of_life() ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^^ File "", line 11, in bright_side_of_life return t[5] ~^^^ IndexError: tuple index out of range During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred: Traceback (most recent call last): File "", line 6, in 1/0 ~^~ ZeroDivisionError: division by zero TracebackException.from_exception(chained_exc).print(chain=False) Traceback (most recent call last): File "", line 6, in 1/0 ~^~ ZeroDivisionError: division by zero Table of Contents traceback — Print or retrieve a stack traceback Module-Level Functions TracebackException Objects StackSummary Objects FrameSummary Objects Examples of Using the Module-Level Functions Examples of Using TracebackException Previous topic atexit — Exit handlers Next topic future — Future statement definitions This page Report a bug Show source « Navigation index modules | next | previous | Python » 3.13.18 Documentation » The Python standard library » Python Runtime Services » traceback — Print or retrieve a stack traceback | Theme Auto Light Dark | © Copyright 2001-2026, Python Software Foundation. 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