cid 6d4f280f5f70212ee75a6d57d108ea78f6ec3363b159655b60e535fea039a2af · original · open access · via openalex
Title: Properties of Machine Learning Applications for Use in Metamorphic Testing Authors: Christian Murphy; Gail E. Kaiser; Lifeng Hu Venue: Year: 2008 Canonical: doi:10.7916/d8xk8pfd URL: https://doi.org/10.7916/d8xk8pfd Collector: openalex OA: true ABSTRACT It is challenging to test machine learning (ML) applications, which are intended to learn properties of data sets where the correct answers are not already known. In the absence of a test oracle, one approach to testing these applications is to use metamorphic testing, in which properties of the application are exploited to define transformation functions on the input, such that the new output will be unchanged or can easily be predicted based on the original output; if the output is not as expected, then a defect must exist in the application. Here, we seek to enumerate and classify the metamorphic properties of some machine learning algorithms, and demonstrate how these can be applied to reveal defects in the applications of interest. In addition to the results of our testing, we present a set of properties that can be used to define these metamorphic relationships so that metamorphic testing can be used as a general approach to testing machine learning applications.